Bard 27 Artifacts

Bard 27 Exhibit Menu

Artifacts Catalogue:

Here is the list of artifacts in the Bard 27 exhibit.

Scale - Upper shadings represent scale in units of centimeters. The lower shadings represent scale in units of inches.

Soil Key - Shade: d = dark, l = light. Color: b = brown, g = gray, r = red, y = yellow. Texture: cl = clay, clayey; sa = sand, sandy; si = silt, silty.

Ceramic Artifacts:

Plates with Maker's Mark (Cat. #1946, 1897, 1726, 1945)

Rockingham and Pearlware (Cat. #2456, 2423)

White Pitcher (Cat. #3656)

Food Preparation Artifacts:

Stoneware Crock (Cat. #1800, 1781, 1856, 2954, 1815, 1757, 1833, 2891, 1855, 1838, 1782)

Decanter (Cat. #1925, 1923, 1950, 1863)

Mixing Bowl (Cat. #3825, 3588, 3840, 3844, 3810, 3563, 3921)

Canning Jar (Cat. #3355, 3356, 3485)

Glassware Artifacts:

2 Amber Bottles (Cat. #2902, 3077)

3 Cordial Glasses (Cat. #3860, 3590, 1808, 3675)

4 Large Bottles (Cat. #3820, 3835, 3858, 3487)

2 Medicine Bottles (Cat. #3568, 1836)

4 Non-alcoholic beverage bottles (Cat. #2969, 1835, 1779, 3819)

Bromo-seltzer bottle (Cat. #2045)

Green and Gold Artifacts:

Porcelain bowl (Cat. #3640, 3589)

Porcelain platter (Cat. #3799, 3640, 3841, 3307, 3763, 3776)

Porcelain serving dish lids (Cat. #3776, 3763, 3798, 3640, 3589, 3640, 3706, 3799, 3892, 3561)

Shell pattern (Cat. #3762, 1858, 3723, 3877, 3657, 3522)

Porcelain plate (Cat. #3910, 1896, 3776)

Danish Minton Artifacts

Danish Minton Dinner Service (Cat. #3004, 3617, 1939, 1962, 3883, 2983, 2889, 3617, 1844, 1938, 2889, 1861, 1964, 3743)

Position	Description	Material	Test number	Level	Atratum	Soil
lower left	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90Z	6	III	gbsasi
lower left	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90X	7	III	rbsi with coal ash
lower left	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90X	8	IV	dbsi
lower left	pearlware Danish Minton blue transfer print	ceramic	Fill	Fill	Fill	Fill
lower left	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint, two plate refits	ceramic	90A	5	II	lbsi with rust
upper left	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90X	7	III	rbsi with coal ash
upper left	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90Z	9	III	ybsi with reddening
lower right	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90X	8	IV	dbsi
lower right	pearlware Danish Minton blue transfer print	ceramic	Fill/Privy	Fill	Fill	Fill
lower right	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90X	8	IV	dbsi
upper right	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90A	5	II	lbsi with rust
upper right	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90X	7	III	rbsi with coal ash
upper right	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90X	8	IV	dbsi
upper right	pearlware Danish Minton medium blue transferprint	ceramic	90X	8	IV	dbsi
Artifact information:
Each place setting consisted of a dinner plate, a salad or dessert plate, a bread or fruit plate, a bowl, a butter plate, and a cup and saucer. The pieces discarded were likely the remains of a large service consisting of 8 or 12 place settings.

Danish Minton Platters and Butter plate (Cat. #2889, 3727, 1861, 3496, 1842, 2904, 1902, 1938, 1843)

Miscellaneous Artifacts:

Combs, Brush and Jar lid (Cat. #1837, 1812, 1014, 3607, 2985)

Oil Lamp and Hurricane Lantern Glass (Cat. #3671, 3673, 3464, 4332, 3091)

position	description	material	test number	level	stratum	soil
	white earthenware pitcher	ceramic	90F	11	III	ybclsi with shale
Artifact Information:
The small white earthenware pitcher was probably used on the dining table for milk or a sauce. Two quart-sized pitchers of a similar design were also excavated.

Position	Description	Material	Test number	Level	Atratum	Soil
left	clear molded thick, oil container	glass	90F	11	III	ybclsi with shale
center left	clear curved medium lantern	glass	90D	wall scrapings	various	various
center right	clear curved thin lantern N67-77, E0-5, 40-45 cmbs	glass	A	13	F	bsi with coal ash in irregular basin
right	clear curved thin lantern N67-77, E0-5, 40-45 cmbs	glass	90B	4	III	bsasi in North ybcl with shale in South
Artifact information:
The base of the oil lamp would have had a wick with one end submerged in the oil and the other threaded through a brass collar. A protective glass lantern fit into the lamp base.

left	Ironstone ROYAL PATENT IRONSTONE GEORGE JONES	ceramic	90X	8, 6	IV, III	dbsi, rbsi with coal ash
lower right	Porcelaine de Terre John Edwards	ceramic	90X	8	IV	dbsi
upper right	Ironstone w/ Royal Stone Chine Wedgwood	ceramic	90X	5	III	dbsi with coal ash

In 1891, the McKinley Tariff Act was passed requiring that all goods imported in the United States be clearly labeled with the country of origin. Research into the design of makers’ marks can determine the date or the date range of manufacture. The George Jones plate dates to 1861-1873 and the John Edwards plate dates to 1880-1890.

Position	Description	Material	test number	Level	Stratum	Soil
left	Rockingham	ceramic	117	1	I	bsi
right	pearlware, dark blue transferprint	ceramic	117X	1	II	gbsi with regolith

Artifact Information:
Rockingham with its distinctive mottled brown and yellow glaze, was a sturdy ceramic used to make pitchers, crocks, spittoons, and jugs. Transfer printed pearlware on one’s table was a status symbol. Transfer print fashions changed rapidly in design and in colors ranging from brown, black, magenta, green, and blue prints on white. Blue was the preferred color and thus the most often transfer print color excavated.

Position	Description	Material	Test number	Level	Stratum	Soil
	salt-glazed stoneware gray exterior brown interior, 7 refits	ceramic	90Z	3	I	dbsi
	salt-glazed stoneware gray exterior brown interior, 8 refits	ceramic	90Z	4	II	bsi with coal ash
	salt-glazed stoneware gray exterior brown interior, 9 refits	ceramic	90Z	5	II	bsi
	salt-glazed stoneware gray exterior brown interior, 4 refits	ceramic	90Z	6	III	gbsasi
	salt-glazed stoneware gray exterior brown interior	ceramic	90A	4	II	lbsi with shale, ash lens at 30 cmbs
	salt-glazed stoneware gray exterior brown interior	ceramic	Fill/Privy	Fill	Fill	Fill
Artifact Information:
The three-gallon gray salt-glazed crock was made in Bennington, Vermont about 1875 at the Norton Pottery. The cobalt blue design was hand-painted by a resident artist. Salt glaze provides water-proofing so the crock could have stored contents that were dry or wet.

Position	Description	Material	Test number	Level	Atratum	Soil
left	aqua canning jar rim	glass	90C	8	III	ybsi
center	milk glass jar lid CONSOLIDATED FRUIT JAR COMPANY NEW YORK	glass	90C	8	III	ybsi
right	aqua hand blown jar mouth,neck, shoulders	glass	90E	10	III	ybclsi with shale and rb organic material
Until the mass manufacture of glass in the mid-1800s, food storage containers were all ceramic, wood, or metal. The early aqua glass canning jars had insert lids of milk glass to keep the jar contents from contact with the metal canning jar lids.

Position	Description	Material	Test number	Level	Atratum	Soil
	cobalt blue small bottle Bromo-Seltzer Emerson Drug Co. Baltimore	glass	87X	5	II	dybsi
Artifact information:
Cobalt blue Bromo-Seltzer bottles contained the antacid stomach medication still used today. Bromo-Seltzer was invented by Isaac Emerson in 1888 and manufactured in Baltimore, Maryland.

Position	Description	Material	Test number	Level	Atratum	Soil
lower center	toothbrush head	bone	90Z	6	III	gbsasi
lower center	toothbrush handle	bone	90Z	5	II	bsi
left	comb I.R. Comb Co. Goodyear 185? Excelsior Comb	plastic	90	5	II	ybsi
top left	hard rubber comb 2 sides fine tooth	rubber	90A	5	II	lbsi with rust
right	lid, blue transferprint RIMMEL'S GENUINE BEARS GREASE, EUGENE RIMMEL PERFUMER TO HER MAJESTY, 96 STRAND &24. CORNHILL, LONDON	ceramic	90E	13	IV	shale and gravel with dbsi
Artifact information:
Items for personal hygiene: 2 combs, hair ointment container lid, tooth brush